AP Program Grows

AP Program Grows The Advance Placement program is increasing in high schools throughout the nation, bringing more opportunities to students, according to The New York Times. The A.P. program was originally created to allow top students to take college-level classes and earn college credit. Most high schools offer A.P. classes in a variety of different subjects. A.P. students take the A.P. exam, and they can earn college credit at most institutions with a passing score of 3, 4, or 5. The exam is scored 1-5, with 5 as the highest possible score. The higher one scores, the more credit he/she can earn. The A.P. expansion is allowing more students to take A.P. exams, and its allowing more students into A.P. classes. Of last years high school graduating class, 26.5% of students had taken at least one A.P. exam, almost twice as many as 2001. Opponents of the A.P. expansion argue that more students are failing the exam with a score of 1 or 2 and not earning college credit. 43% of high school students who took an A.P. exam last year failed, and 39% failed in 2001. Yet, proponents argue that there are more students who are passing the test and receiving college credit. A lot of these students would not have had the opportunity to take an A.P. test prior to its expansion. Also, some educators believe that simply taking more challenging, college-level classes better prepares high school students for college, even if a student failed an A.P. exam. Students get unique insights into what college course work truly is. They are exposed to the critical thinking and application skills that college curriculums demand. The College Board reported that students who took an A.P. class but failed the exam were more likely to receive a college degree in four years, than students who did not take an A.P. class. High schools adopt the A.P. program to further challenge students. The program has many benefits and students should enroll in it if at all possible. Currently, there are 10 A.P. courses that high schools can offer, which has increased from seven five years ago.

Superprofs handy guide to piano instruction

Superprof’s handy guide to piano instruction How to learn to play the piano ChaptersLearn to play the piano, beginning with solfegeOptimize your natural talents to learn to play the pianoTeaching yourself the piano: a good or bad idea?Learn the piano with a teacher: the fastest and most efficient approachLearn the piano with a teacher: music schools or private lessons?Practice makes perfect!Self-taught, with a teacher, in a music school: there are several options for those who want to learn piano. With all these choices for music instruction Superprof is here to help clarify things for you!One important idea to note from the start: there is no easy answer. Everything depends on your piano goals, motivation level, work method, your background in music and your budget. But one thing is certain: if you’d like to progress rapidly and learn to play advanced piano songs, we’d highly recommend working with a piano instructor.Read on for more information…!Train yourself to play a song that you hear: this will improve your musical ear and help you play by earBu t everything has its downside. Here are some disadvantages to teaching yourself to play the piano as opposed to taking a piano lesson:You aren’t structured or supervised, so no one will correct your errorsYour solfege attempts wont be heard by a professionalYou risk taking up bad habitsThe risk of frustration and discouragement is higherIt’s therefore possible to learn the piano alone, but you don’t have the best chances on your side. Taking music classes is the preferred means of learning and making regular progress on the keyboard.Motivation and perseverance are key to becoming a true pianist.Learn the piano with a teacher: the fastest and most efficient approachYour private piano teacher will provide a structure for learning, while observing and encouraging you. He or she will teach you how to overcome challenges, which may also relate to other situations in your daily life! (who said learning a chord wasn’t practical?The piano teacher, who is a professional with a love o f music, will transmit this passion to you, increase your motivation, and enrich your playing. This will make it easier to learn music theory, play the key of middle C, and all those other less fun tasks!Different formulas are at your disposal: private lessons (like the ones you’d book at Superprof, for example), a music school or a conservatory for higher education students.And since you’ll be spending a lot of time with your piano teacher, at least an hour per week depending on the method you choose, it’s very important that you get along with one another. So choose a teacher who corresponds to your personality and objectives. And if you don’t find the right match at first, try again!Don't forget that a tutor might be the most important tool for learning piano.Learn the piano with a teacher: music schools or private lessons?Do you prefer to be guided by a teacher to take those first steps, or, in your case, first piano scales?That’s great, but you’re now faced with ano ther important  question:  private instructor or music school?Piano instruction can happen at any age as long as you’re motivated.The first criteria is a practical one: location. If there is no music school located nearby, there’s a better chance you’ll find a private teacher in the area, or better yet, one who teaches you at your house!If both options are possible for you,  ask yourself these questions related to your work method and objectives:What is your main aim for piano playing (as a hobby, to become a professional…)?What type of class experience are you after (a personalized or very structured experience…)?What type of music do you want to play (classical, jazz, variety, modern…)?Do you prefer individual or group classes?Your responses to these questions should be able to guide you to make a decision regarding your beginning piano lessons.If you go to a music school, you’ll find:Rigor and regularity in your learning programme,A more traditional education,Piano lessons and obligatory solfege training,Group classes,Exchanges with fellow students,Exams to test ability and level of playing.With private lessons, you’ll have:A lesson that is adapted to your personal needs, aims and speed of progress,Greater possibility in the style of music and tunes you can learn,Flexibility in course schedule,Generally speaking, the music school is for those destined to go to a conservatory for higher education and a career as a pianist or musician. It’s a sure means to acquire a very firm music foundation and know that piano keyboard by heart! If you are looking to learn to play piano for fun, or how to play your favorite piano music (other than classical repertoire), a private teacher might be the better option for your piano course! (Just beware of those free piano lessons.)Practice makes perfect!Whether you are learning to play piano alone or with the help of a piano teacher, practicing will play a vital role in your goal to become a piano player. In order to impact your playing and lead you to become a more advanced pianist faster, practice should be regular.  That octave or major scale won’t teach itself!So that you don’t lose motivation or direction, follow a schedule, such as one hour of playing every day or every two days (depending on your personal piano playing goals).  Regularity is just as important as quantity. It’s better to play those black keys every three days than five hours every now and then!Your piano playing won’t progress without training and exercises  (those famous piano scales!). Sadly, there are no miracle solutions. Even if your piano teacher is Elton John, if you don’t practice several hours each week your progress will be little to none.And afterwards, you’ll be at the same level of our Superprof, Antoine P. (portrait of a piano teacher). Goodbye easy piano songs, hello Chopin!

Dyslexia Support for Kids Learning English

Dyslexia Support for Kids Learning English Teaching Kids with Dyslexia ChaptersHelp with Dyslexia: How to Teach Children to Read WriteHelp with Dyslexia for Kids Learning EnglishDyslexia Aids to Help Kids Learn EnglishTravelling Could Help Overcome DyslexiaFor dyslexic children, learning English can be a real pain.  However, children with learning disabilities can still learn to read, write, and speak English. In fact, a learner with reading difficulties can gain fluency in the language.Dyslexics struggle when it comes to reading comprehension and the written language. As a result, it can take them longer when it comes to learning to read.  Having a learning disability when learning a language can be traumatic, especially when you're not getting all the support they need. Parents of children with dyslexia often have a few concerns:Is dyslexia insurmountable? Will it limit my child’s options?Will they be able to fully integrate into the community?How can you teach dyslexic children English?What methods could help them get better at English?You’d lik e them to have a normal life in school and learn English just like their classmates do. Especially given that English is now essential for their futures.Don’t panic, nothing’s impossible!  There is a lot of help available for people with dyslexia and developmental or learning difficulties such as cognitive therapy and nowadays the condition is much better understood than it was in the past. Here are some steps you can take to teach your child English when they are dyslexic or have a reading disability.A dyslexic child can quickly fall behind at school and struggle with literacy if the teacher isn't aware of the child's condition. Even when the teacher is aware of it, they mightn’t have the time to provide the proper support for a dyslexic child due to having a full class or the school not having the necessary support.This could result in their classmates making fun of them when they get bad grades.  As a result, their time at school might turn into a nightmare.Dyslexia, dysgra phia, dysorthographia, and dyspraxia affect between 6 and 8% of children.  How can you get over this disorder and improve their level in English?Check here for English lessons you can take.Dysgraphia can be troublesome for those learning a language. (Source: La Contra de Jaén)The first challenge for the suffering child is learning to read while ignoring speaking. They need to write down the sounds and syllables they hear. Once they start to attempt writing down the spoken language, dyslexia can rear its ugly head: resulting in them losing concentration or motivation.Even for those without dyslexia, learning a language can be difficult: especially when faced with a new alphabet, vocabulary, and grammar, which can effectively taking them out of their “comfort zone”.Furthermore, a dyslexic child learning English won’t be familiar with the phonetic elements of the language. This can cause problems when it comes to phonological awareness and word recognition.Since the pronunciatio n and phonics are different, learning English grammar can become problematic. Especially given that the names of most of the letters in the alphabet have changed.Additionally, decoding phonemic symbols is difficult enough without having to worry about dyslexia. This can cause nightmares for those without dyslexia. For those with dyslexia, it can negatively affect their understanding as well as their pronunciation.For these reasons, learning a foreign language might seem like a mountain to climb given that learning their mother tongue is more difficult due to dyslexia.To learn English online or in school with dyslexia, you should look for resources and methods tailored specifically to those with the disorder. You should also be very patient and not run the risk of demotivating them. After all, once they begin working using the correct approach, they'll be able to learn the language just as quickly as any other child!Private English tutorials are highly recommended. Is this the only o ption? No. In fact, there are a number of them...Help with Dyslexia for Kids Learning EnglishThe advantage of learning English from tutorials is that the tutor can focus on alleviating the reading problems caused by dyslexia and putting the child back on track in terms of their development.What methods do you need to employ in an English tutorial with a dyslexic student? (Source: Dyslexia Cornwall)These tutorials have to be fun and the educator has to be patient and listen. Find a teacher who can work with the student's strengths and weaknesses and focus on auditory learning techniques, reading aloud, and tutoring methods tailored for a student with a reading disorder.Being a good listener is an academic support tutor’s most important quality. When a child with learning problems struggles to learn a word, they might get frustrated. The tutor need to be patient and calm throughout!The tutor needs to adapt their rhythm to the student.  They need to make a concerted effort to encoura ge their student and ensure that their tutorials are never boring!For example, the English tutor could create a dialogue to be read aloud. The tutor could help engage the dyslexic student’s memory by associating certain English words with colours. Once class is finished, the student will have a diagram they can use to associate the words with the colours.To teach them English, the tutor will often need to work using simple exercises focusing on recognising certain letters. By repeating them and hearing them, the student will remember them better.They can then move towards school exercises for dyslexic people that focus on their literacy skills.Fortunately, the issues caused by dyslexia can be focused on and addressed. There are plenty of methodologies that can be used to help those with reading disability read and write, even in a foreign language.Speech and language therapists and occupational therapists can also help those struggling with dyslexia and there are even specialised schools and classes dedicated to those with dyslexia.Dyslexia Aids to Help Kids Learn EnglishEnglish can also be learnt away from school with ESOL courses. Here are 5 little tips to get ahead in English.There are plenty of interesting and effective ways to teach students with dyslexia. (Source: Nice English)Watch English-language films. This means they can start associating the phonological elements with the words if you put the subtitles.Read the text again while you listen to it and practise.Speak English with family members and friends. This is a fun and free way to learn English without realising it.Get language courses on CD or MP3 and practice repeating phrases aloud.Finally, practice dictation, helping the student to work on their spelling.The first tip helps you with subtitles, the second aids memory, and the third and fourth will help echoic memory. The fifth tip will help with spelling and grammar.Whenever you learn, you need to remain motivated. A dyslexic student has to feel included both in their academic life and personal life.Dyslexia can hinder a person all the way through childhood and on into adulthood. This is particularly important given that English is becoming increasingly important in our everyday lives whether it’s for communicating with strangers, commanding a better salary, working for multinational companies, having unforgettable travel experiences, or learning an important skill.As you can see, there are plenty of benefits!Travelling Could Help Overcome DyslexiaYour childhood can be defined by travelling. Whether you're dyslexic or not, it’s always a good idea to travel throughout your life.Furthermore, thanks to things like budget airlines, it’s never been easier to travel.You can overcome dyslexia and teach very young children English.Immersion is the best way to learn English. However, deciding to move away isn’t always a decision you can take lightly, even if it is for such a good cause. There are a few ways to do this, though:Study programmesWorking holiday visasRoad tripsInternational volunteeringSolidarity or humanitarian tourismImmersion can work wonders for students with dyslexia. (Source: CNews)There are plenty of countries where a dyslexic wanting to learn English could improve: The UK, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, India, Hong Kong, etc. In fact, almost every Commonwealth country has some history with the English language...To learn English, there’s nothing better than spending time in an English-speaking country. You can continue to take classes in English while also benefiting from daily immersion.You’ll probably come back knowing more than those without dyslexia. There’s also the possibility of sitting the TOEFL exam which certifies your level in English.If you decide to go for a working-holiday visa, it’s even simpler. You just have to pay for the visa, insurance, and be younger than 30. This visa allows you to go to a country for two years and work. You’ ll speak English every day at work, while you travel, and in hotels and hostels.However, you need to avoid those who speak your language!You can also volunteer if you’re under 30. There are plenty of programmes for those wanting to help out.It’s a great way to learn English for a good cause and you’ll also be helping those while immersed in their language environment. Discover the best age to start learning English here.

How to Motivate and Engage Students in Learning

How to Motivate and Engage Students in Learning 0SHARESShare Lots of academic institutions and educators work to motivate students not only to improve the test scores but intend to retain students in the same institution. There is not a single theory that increases student’s motivation. It is the strategy laid down for the students to create a desire to learn the topic with interest, enjoyment, and self-fulfillment and thus achieve mastery in the subject. Here are the strategies implemented by several academic institutions which showed great results: Make classroom live with learning activities that connect the subject with student’s culture, interest, social lives and current happenings and events. Offer choices and options to the students when they feel monotonous learning. Let them have their own voice by allowing them to choose a lab partner or selecting alternative assignments. Be supportive by encouraging the students by listening to their questions and showing empathy being responsive to them. Create challenges for students to master the subject. Give small opportunities where they discover the fact of having capabilities to succeed. Especially this works well with students who lack confidence. Balance the challenge for students to maintain the zeal and expectations from the  online tutor. Too easy task may create boredom communicating a message of low expectation where the tutor is unaware of a student’s capabilities. Difficult task may create anxiety in the student. Help to develop strategy for students who are struggling with poor academic scores resulting in lack of confidence. Make them learn about how to learn. Spend some time to discuss and review what was learned and how the student will undergo more practice. Develop and achieve short-term goals to come closer to develop long term goals. Online tutoring  serves the best keeping students engaged and highly motivated with strategic planning. [starbox id=admin]

Area of Equilateral Triangle

Area of Equilateral Triangle A triangle is a geometric shape which has 3 sides. An equilateral triangle is a triangle which has all the 3 sides equal to each other. Sum of the angles in a triangle add upto 180, and in an equilateral triangle since all the sides are equal to each other, their angles are also equal. Area of an equilateral triangle is the region covered inside the triangle bounded by the sides. Example 1: Calculate the area of the triangle which has side lengths as 5m, 5m, and 5m. Given the sides of the triangle: 5m, 5m, 5m All the three sides of the triangle are equal to each other, hence it is an equilateral triangle. Area of the equilateral triangle, A = 3/4 * s2 where s = side length The length of the side, s = 5m Area of the equilateral triangle, A =3/4 * (5)2 A = 3/4 * 25 = 10.8m2 Hence area of the equilateral triangle, A = 10.8m2 Example 2: Calculate the area of the equilateral triangle which has the length of the side equal to 8m. Since its an equilateral triangle, all the sides are equal to each other. Area of the equilateral triangle, A = 3/4 * s2 where s = side length Given the side length of the equilateral triangle, s = 8m Area of the equilateral triangle, A =3/4 * (8)2 A = 3/4 * 64 = 3 * 16m2 Hence area of the equilateral triangle, A = 27.7m2

What Is Accounting

What Is Accounting Accounting: An Overview ChaptersA Definition Of AccountingWhat Is Accounting: An Expanded DefinitionWho Makes Up The Accounting World?Tips On Getting Into AccountingWe have all heard of accounting, and we probably all know someone in business accounting, but do you really know what an accountant does  day to day and what their line of work entails? Perhaps accounting is the perfect job for you... let's take a look!practical experience of accounting procedures  or accounting  reports, then you may struggle to beat the competition into business.To find out ways in which you can improve your chances of being accepted for an accounting job role or promoted from your current position, see below.Focus On Improving Your Existing SkillsIt is no good approaching prospective employers with a less than confident attitude. If you think you are suitable for a role, then you need to make your suitability known.In order to do this, you should take the time to tailor your CV to the job in question, focusing on how your abi lities and experience match with the job description, person specification and desired qualities. But what happens if you have no experience to talk about in your CV and refer back to during interview stages?Well, if you’ve completed a qualification in accountancy or a related field, and attended accounting classes, then you most probably have the accounting skills you need and just need to find a way to apply them or to find suitable examples of how you already do so. Think about times when you've had to make use of numbers, negotiation, and communication skills, as even the smallest examples of how you've used accounting methods could be enough to impress the employer.Be Prepared To Work Your Way UpAs with many careers, you simply cannot start up in your dream role. You must always work your way up to achieve your goals. As a newly qualified accountant, you might need to work your way up from an entry-level position. Here's how to prepare for this.You should think about each and every decision you make in relation to your career as a stepping stone to success. Whether it's an internship, a junior admin position, a degree in accounting or similar (where you can learn the right skills you'll need for the future) â€" you’ll be able to gain some of the vital knowledge you need to progress so it is all worthwhile.Learning on the job may be the quickest way to gain the skills you need rather than going through apprenticeship and other study schemes, however, it all depends on what your future employer is looking for in terms of skills and education.Getting Qualified To Work In AccountingAAT, also known as the Association of Accounting Technicians, is the UK’s leading qualification and membership body for accountants, which means that it’s often a prerequisite for many accountancy roles, whether accounting auditing, working with tax returns, working as a ledger accountant or as a public accountant.Once you've got your AAT qualification, you can go on to stu dy ACCA â€" a course designed to help train more experienced accountants and those wanting to become Chartered Accountants - or a number of other professional qualifications and certificates.If you need help with your exams, search for an accounting tutor on Superprpf!

Mind Games Improving your Mental Practice

Mind Games Improving your Mental Practice Suzy S. Youve probably heard the phrase Practice makes perfect.   But how about Mental practice makes perfect? Believe it or not, a lot of your success begins with your mind setting goals and then envisioning yourself reaching them, for example. Below, check out some advice from Hillsborough teacher Jessica R. and get your mind in motion! I tell all my students within minutes of walking through the door that learning to sing is a sport.   It requires training your voice and your ears, the development of muscle memory and a passion to improve every time you show up for a lesson.   What the audience hears is art, but they only get to hear you after months of coaching and practice have sculpted you into the Rocky Balboa of opera or musical theater. So what can we learn from actual athletes that will help us become better musicians?   Sports psychologists have discovered that the most skilled athletes in any sport spend a lot more time looking at the target (the basketball hoop, the catcher’s mitt, etc.) than less skilled athletes.   This focus is called the “Quiet Eye,” and using it gives them the time to prepare their movements mentally before they actually take the shot. I propose to you that the next time you’re out for a jog, stuck in traffic, or sitting in a waiting room, consider it the perfect opportunity to become a better singer.   Concentrate on something you’re working on in your voice lessons that you’d like to improve.   Be very specific with yourself about what it is.   Hear the music in your head and try to form the most perfect version of it you can imagine.   Try to feel the sensations in your body that you felt the very best time you’ve ever sung.   Avoid negative commentary like “Don’t miss the high note!” or “Don’t run out of breath!” and instead try things like “I need to sing more into the preparation note to nail this high note” and “I need to remember to breathe here in a relaxed and deep way.”   Repeat this process until the thoughts become second nature.   The results will show up right away the next time you practice! Want even more expert advice from our teachers?    Sign up for email updates here! Jessica R. teaches singing, music performance, opera voice, and theatrical Broadway singing lessons to students of all ages in Hillsborough, NJ.   Jessica joined the TakeLessons team in May 2012, with over 10 years of experience teaching voice and performing nationally as an opera singer. Sign up for lessons with Jessica, or visit TakeLessons to search for a teacher in your area! Photo by shibuya246.

Accounting Glossary

Accounting Glossary Accounting Activities Accounting vocabulary word cloud Accounting Activities French translations English definitions Pronunciation Accounting vocabulary card game Accounting Listening Resources Careers: The Real World of Accounting How to use AccountingCoach.com to Learn Accounting for Free Accounting Reading Resources A day in the life of an Accountant/Auditor What can I do with a degree in Accounting? 3 Reasons to Become an Accountant 5 Reasons Why You Should Become an Accountant 3 Reasons to Pursue a Financial Profession Grammar for  Accounting Online ESL grammar checker Glossary of Accounting account A record or statement of financial expenditure or receipts relating to a particular period or purpose. account payable A liability account showing how much is owed for goods and services purchased on credit; the problem was to match receivables and payables in the same currency account reconciliation The act of confirming that the balance in ones checkbook matches the corresponding bank statement. Accounting The systematic and comprehensive recording of financial transactions pertaining to a business. accounts receivable Sales made but not paid for by customers (trade debtors), shown as current (short-term) assets in a balance sheet and are, in fact, unsecured promises by customers to pay accumulated depreciation The total depreciation on a tangible asset accumulated up to a specified date. This amount is subtracted from the original cost or valuation of the asset to arrive at its book value. amortize Reduce or pay off (a debt) with regular payments amount A quantity of something, especially the total of a thing or things in number, size, value, or extent asset An item of property owned by a person or company, regarded as having value and available to meet debts, commitments, or legacies assignment credit The book credit leveraged against the fiduciary assignment of a companys receivables. association An organization of people with a common purpose and having a formal structure. balance sheet A financial statement that summarizes a companys assets, liabilities and shareholders equity at a specific point in time balance sheet analysis An analysis of a companys assets, liabilities and equity usually conducted at set intervals, such as quarterly or annually. bank loan Money borrowed from a bank bankruptcy A legal proceeding involving a person or business that is unable to repay outstanding debts. breakeven point The point at which the income from the sale of a product or service equals the invested costs, resulting in neither profit nor loss; the stage at which income equals expenditure. budget An estimate, often itemized, of expected income and expense for a given period in the future. budgetary accountability The process in Government Accounting of recording budgetary amounts in the accounts of a fund. capital account That part of the balance of payments recording a nations outflow and inflow of financial securities capitalized interest Interest that is not immediately expensed, but instead is treated as an asset and amortized over time in the income statement. cash cycle The length of time between the purchase of raw materials and the collection of accounts receivable generated in the sale of the final product. cash flow The total amount of money being transferred into and out of a business, especially as affecting liquidity. charge off The declaration by a creditor (usually a credit card account) that an amount of debt is unlikely to be collected. This occurs when a consumer becomes severely delinquent on a debt. chart of accounts A created list of the accounts used by a business entity to define each class of items for which money or the equivalent is spent or received. commission the act of committing or giving in charge conservatism The belief that business systems should follow a safe approach to business practices. contract An  agreement between two or more parties to do or not do something specified. credit The deduction of a payment made by a debtor from an amount due. current assets Any asset expected to last or be in use for less than one year. current liabilities Obligations such as deferred dividend, trade credit, and unpaid taxes, arising in the normal course of a business and due for payment within a year. customer A party that receives or consumes products (goods or services) and has the ability to choose between different products and suppliers. debt Something, typically money, that is owed or due. debtor A company or individual that owes a sum of money. deferred revenue Revenue that is considered a liability until it becomes relevant to the business at hand, such as a payment received for work that has not yet been performed. discount A deduction from the usual cost of something. doubtful account Name given to an account that records the sums (accounts) whose collection looks uncertain. Such accounts are termed bad debts and are usually written off against the profit of the firm as expense. down payment An initial payment made when something is bought on credit. employer A person or business that employs one or more people, especially for wages. equity Total assets minus total liabilities; also called net worth or book value. expenditure The act of expending something, especially funds; disbursement; consumption. federal Pertaining to or of the nature of a union of states under a central government distinct from the individual governments of the separate states. finance The management of revenues; the conduct or transaction of money matters. financial statement A document showing credits and debits. fixed costs A periodic cost that remains more or less unchanged irrespective of the output level or sales revenue, such as depreciation, insurance, interest, rent, salaries and wages. free cash flow The amount of cash that a company has left over after it has paid all of its expenses, including investments. functional currency Currency of the country (called the primary environment ) in which a firm conducts its business activities and generates most or all of its income and expenses. goodwill An intangible asset that arises as a result of the acquisition of one company by another for a premium value. gross income Receipts and gains from all sources less the cost of goods sold. Also called gross margin and gross profit. gross profit Sales minus all costs directly related to those sales, including manufacturing expenses, raw materials, labor, selling, marketing and other expenses. intangible asset Reputation, name recognition, and intellectual property such as knowledge and know how. interest A charge for a loan, usually a percentage of the amount loaned. interest expense The amount allocated for interest payments made by a company. investment The action or process of investing money for profit. leasehold improvement A physical improvement made to a facility by a lessee that enhances the value of the facility. liability An obligation that legally binds an individual or company to settle a debt. license Authorize the use, performance, or release of something. liquid assets Assets in the form of cash. liquidity The availability of liquid assets to a market or company. loan A sum of money borrowed and expected to be paid back with interest. loss The result of selling assets for a price lower than the original purchase price. margin The difference between a sale price and a cost. margin of safety An excess of a company’s actual sales revenue over the breakeven sales revenue, usually expressed as a percentage. mortgage A debt instrument that is secured by the collateral of specified real estate property and that the borrower is obliged to pay back with a predetermined set of payments. net earnings The total revenue in an accounting period minus all expenses during the same period. opening balance The new amount on their balance sheet after financial statements are completed. operating expense An expense incurred in carrying out an organizations day-to-day activities, but not directly associated with production. overdraft A loan arrangement under which a bank extends credit up to a maximum amount against which a current checking account customer can write checks or make withdrawals. pension A regular payment made during a persons retirement from an investment fund to which that person or their employer has contributed during their working life. periodic inventory system A system where a business calculates its inventory by physically counting items at end of each accounting period rather than updating inventory continuously. perpetual inventory system A system where a business updates the quantity and availability of its inventory on a continuous basis, after each purchase or sale. prime cost The direct cost of a commodity in terms of the materials and labor involved in its production, excluding fixed costs. profit A financial gain, especially the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent in buying, operating, or producing something. purchase Acquisition through the payment of money or its equivalent. real estate Property consisting of land or buildings. residual value Estimated scrap value of an asset at the end of its economic or useful life. retained earnings Profit generated by a company that is not distributed to shareholders as dividends but is either reinvested in the business or kept as reserve for specific objectives. return on net assets A measure of a companys financial performance, equal to net income divided by the sum of fixed assets and net working capital. running cost Money spent by a company for the purpose of managing the business and/or for operating machinery for use in the business. salary A fixed amount periodically paid to a person for regular work or services. share A unit of account for the capital or stock of a company. shareholder An owner of shares in a company. solvency The ability to meet maturing obligations as they come due. stock The capital raised by a business or corporation through the issue and subscription of shares. tangible asset Equipment, machinery, plant, property that has long-term physical existence or is acquired for use in the operations of the business and not for sale to customers. tax A compulsory contribution to state revenue, levied by the government on workers income and business profits or added to the cost of some goods, services, and transactions. transfer pricing The price that is assumed to have been charged by one part of a company for products and services it provides to another part of the same company, in order to calculate each divisions profit and loss separately. trial balance A statement of all the open debit and credit items in a double-entry ledger, made to test their equality. variable cost A periodic cost that varies in step with the output or the sales revenue of a company. Variable costs include raw material, energy usage, labor, distribution costs, etc. wages Money that is paid or received for work or services, as by the hour, day, or week.       Please follow and like us: